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The Michaelis–Menten constant ( K m) could be used to quantify the effects under different temperatures 17. Photosynthesis increases with following a Michaelis-Menten curve. 10 reported increased water use efficiency in winter wheat under stress conditions due to (700–1000 ppm). This change in stomatal activity resulted in a 50% increase in water use efficiency. 16 concluded that at, stomatal activity is reduced. Ainsworth and Rogers 15 concluded that stimulated light-saturated photosynthesis by 31% and reduced stomatal conductance by 22% in free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) experiments. Elevated CO 2 (CO 2 fertilization effect) will be beneficial for Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and may inhibit photorespiration and increase photosynthesis. C 3 crops have the potential to capitalize on by increasing photosynthetic rates and, thus, provide better growth and yield 14. Crops having the C 3 photosynthetic pathway, currently have suboptimal, but under, photosynthesis might be stimulated.
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The rise in will likely result in increased photosynthesis, reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration, and ultimately higher water- and light-use efficiency in plants 9, 10, 11, 12.Ĭarbon dioxide is an important substrate of photosynthesis and its elevated concentration results in metabolic changes in crops directly through photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (g s) 13. Global warming due to could change earth’s surface temperature from 0.4–2.6 ☌ in the 2046–2065 window and from 0.3–4.8 ☌ between 20 in comparison to the 1986–2005 baseline 8. Trenberth and Jones 7 projected surface temperature increase of 0.74 ± 0.18 ☌ due to elevated concentration. The BERN climate change model projected that will change from 390 ppm to 700–1000 ppm with climate change at the end of century 6. 5 reported that increased by 35% due to fossil fuel burning and land use change from 1990 to 2010. The may rise to 1000 ppm by 2100 with a 2–4 ☌ increase in temperature along with variable precipitation and more frequent, intense and longer extreme events 4. Projections of at 2100 range from 500–1000 ppm 3. Concentration of has increased from 280 ppm before the industrial revolution to 411.91 ppm now 2. Climate trends across the globe reveal that crop production might be under stress in spite of technological advances. World agriculture is under the influence of climate change and it is facing daunting challenges to meet the food, fuel and fiber demands. Ĭlimate change and food security are two interlinked challenges faced by human beings in the 21 st century 1. We recommend the use of ensembles to improve accuracy in modeled responses to. We concluded from our study that process-based crop models have variability in the simulation of crop response to with greater difference under water-stressed conditions. For the ensemble, maximum yield was 45% for the dryland site and a minimum 22% at the irrigated site. Increased yield was observed for all models with the highest average yield at dryland site by EPIC (49%) and lowest under irrigated conditions (17%) by APSIM and CropSyst. Significant variability in simulated biomass production was shown among the models particularly at dryland sites (44%) compared to the irrigated site (22%). To demonstrate the applicability of a multimodel ensemble of crop models to simulation of eCO 2, APSIM, CropSyst, DSSAT, EPIC and STICS were calibrated to observed data for crop phenology, biomass and yield. It is conjectured that a novel multimodal ensemble approach may improve the accuracy of modelled responses to eCO 2.
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Conventionally, crop modeling work has evaluated the effect of climatic parameters on crop growth, without considering CO 2. Elevated carbon-dioxide concentration is a key climate change factor affecting plant growth and yield.